Abstract:Understanding how closely related species of wildlife coexist in the same range is an important part of community ecology research.Based on camera trapping monitoring data,we used kernel density estimation and occupancy models to analyze the spatial and temporal coexistence patterns of four ungulates (Capricornis milneedwardsii,Elaphodus cephalophus,Muntiacus reevesi and Sus scrofa) in the Xishui National Nature Reserve,Guizhou.The results showed that four ungulates showed little overall temporal differentiation in activity timing,and had a high overlap index,with the highest overlap (△=0.88) for C.milneedwardsii and E.cephalophus.Spatially,all species showed overlapping relationships and less obvious avoidance relationships,but the differences in habitat selection avoided strong competition for survival resources.This study initially revealed the pattern of coexistence of ungulates in the Xishui Nature Reserve,which can provide useful reference for subsequent ecological research and conservation management.